HOW TO CALCULATE AREA IN THE MAP
HOW TO CALCULATE AREA IN THE MAP
- INTRODUCTION
AREA:-Area is defined as tract the area of land in the horizontal plane. All types of plan/map is drawn in a horizontal plane then calculate area in a horizontal plane.AREA
The units of area is hectare and square meter.
- There are generally three methods use for calculate area in the map.
ii Calculation method
iii Instrumental method
- i. Graphical method:-
(a) By division into triangles. In this method the figure is divided into a number of triangles, The base and height of the triangles are measured with a scale. The irregular boundary is adjusted by the give and take or equalizing method. In fig: 1
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| fig:-1 |
(b) By Division into squares:- In this method, the area is calculated by the use of tracing paper. In the tracing paper no, of squares drawn on the tracing paper. Each square represents in square meter or square centimetre. The tracing paper placed on the drawing and counted no. of the whole The portion of the square which covered boundary estimate as a whole square.
Then the area = total no of squares * square meter of one square (in the tracing paper) Shown in fig:-2
- ii. Calculation method:- In this method area calculate by a baseline taken through the area and divided into a number of equal parts. The ordinate at each of the points of division are drawn and scaled.
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| fig 3 |
O1, O2, O3..............O8 are the ordinates at an equal interval.
h1,h2,h3................h7 are the mid ordinates.
d= common distance between ordinates.
L= Length of baseline.
Area of the plot. h1*d+h2*d+h3*d+.................h7*d
Area = (h1+ h2+ h3+..........h7)*d
(b) The Average ordinate rule- In this method, the ordinates are drawn and scaled at each of the points of divisions of the base. The average of these ordinates multiplied by the length of the base line gives the required area. fig 4
O1, O2, O3..............O6 are the ordinates at an equal interval.
L= Length of baseline.
n= no. of divisions.
n+1=no. of ordinates.
Area= O1+O2+O3+.......O6/On+1*L
Area=sum of ordinates*length of the baseline/no.of ordinates.
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| fig 4 |
O1, O2, O3..............O6 are the ordinates at an equal interval.
L= Length of baseline.
n= no. of divisions.
n+1=no. of ordinates.
Area= O1+O2+O3+.......O6/On+1*L
Area=sum of ordinates*length of the baseline/no.of ordinates.
(c) The Trapezoidal Rule:- In this method the no. of ordinates are draw at a common distance and the ordinates are considered trapezoids. The total area is divided into no. of trapezoids.
O1, O2, O3..............O6 are the ordinates at an equal interval.
d= common distance between ordinates.
O1, O2, O3..............O6 are the ordinates at an equal interval.
d= common distance between ordinates.
Area= Common distance/2{(1st ordinate+last ordinate+2(sum of other ordinate)}
(d) Simpson's Rule:- In this method, the area is calculated according to the odd and even no. of ordinates.
This method used where if the division is even
Area= d/3 { (1st ordinate+last ordinate)+4( sum of even ordinate)+2(odd ordinate)
Area= d/3 { (1st ordinate+last ordinate)+4( sum of even ordinate)+2(odd ordinate)
- iii Instrument method:- In this method, the area is calculated from the use of planimeters or digital planimeters. It more accurate method and gives the result within one per cent error.
